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Mylai Chinna Thambi Pillai Rajah (17 June 1883-20 August 1943) was a Dalit politician and social and political activist from Tamil Nadu.
M.C. Rajah was born to a Tamil family of Madras. He entered politics after graduation and was a leader in the Justice Party. However, he quit the party in 1923 over the party's treatment of the then Depressed Classes. He was the first leader who organized Scheduled Classes at the national level in India. He was the pioneer of Mid-day meal scheme in India.
In his heyday, Rajah was considered to be a person equal in stature to Ambedkar.
In 1932, M. C. Rajah concluded a pact with two members of the Indian National Congress, B. S. Moonje and Jadhav. According to this pact, Moonje offered reserved seats to scheduled castes in return for Rajah's support. This demand prompted Ambedkar to make an official demand for Separate electorates on an all-India basis.
By late 1935, Rajah had already decided not to support Ambedkar's intention of religious conversion from Hinduism.
Rajah, as well as other scheduled caste leaders, felt that conversion from Hinduism would undermine the morale of scheduled caste and forward-caste Hindu activists engaged in a two-front war against both "upper"-cast reactionaries as well as the British.
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